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The Philippines is underdeveloped due to a combination of factors. Political conflicts among social groups have led to economic stagnation and a loss of morale, hindering the country's growth and competitiveness . The country has also suffered from environmental losses, such as depletion of resources and unequal distribution of market resources, which have further contributed to its underdevelopment . In comparison to its Asian neighbors, the Philippines has lagged behind in terms of economic development indicators, such as GNP growth and per capita income, and has failed to achieve the status of a newly industrializing country . The country's poor growth performance can be attributed to slow industrialization, particularly in manufacturing, resulting in low productivity growth and chronic problems of unemployment, poverty, and underinvestment . Additionally, the Philippines has a low total factor productivity, which explains its low living standard and the need to improve productivity to address its underdevelopment .